Understanding Birth Defects

January is National Birth Defects Awareness Month. In the United States, one out of every 33 babies is born with a birth defect. They can range from mild to severe and can affect physical outcome, cognitive development and organ function. Not every birth defect can be prevented but understanding various causes can reduce the number or severity of many birth defects.

Some examples of birth defects include a cleft lip, scoliosis, spina bifida, congenital heart conditions, Down Syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, sickle cell anemia and more.

What causes birth defects? 

It is unknown what causes many birth defects. However, there are risk factors that can increase the chance of your baby being born with a birth defect. These include:

• Genetics and changes in chromosomes: Genetic mutations can result in birth defects. Some are genetic but chromosomal mutations can also happen spontaneously.
• Preexisting health conditions: Uncontrolled or untreated medical conditions can increase the risk of birth defects, such as diabetes.
• Substance use: Smoking, drinking alcohol and drug use during pregnancy can cause many health problems during pregnancy, including birth defects.
• Infections: Contracting certain infections during pregnancy including Zika virus, toxoplasmosis and rubella can lead to birth defects.
• Medications: Certain medications including those used to treat acne and epilepsy.

Can birth defects be prevented? 

While many birth defects cannot be prevented, there are actions you can take during pregnancy to reduce the risks.

• Attend regular appointments with your obstetrician for the duration of your pregnancy to monitor you and your baby’s health. Consistent prenatal care increases the likelihood of potential issues being detected early.
• Speak with your provider about any medications and supplements you take. They will identify any medications that could pose a risk and discuss alternative options.
• Avoid harmful substances that come from smoking, vaping, drinking alcohol or using drugs. This includes environmental hazards such as chemical exposures in the workplace.
• Take necessary precautions to avoid infections. Wear gloves when exposed to potentially harmful materials, stay up to date on vaccinations, avoid undercooked meats and protect yourself from insects known to spread diseases, like ticks and mosquitos.
• Take folic acid every day. Folic acid is vital to the development of the neural tube during pregnancy and ensuring you are getting enough of it is the best way to prevent neural tube defects.

Birth defects can present significant health challenges. Early detection and care are vital to improving outcomes for families and children affected by them. OSU Obstetrics and Gynecology is here to help. Give us a call at 918-586-4500 to meet our team of professionals who are passionate about nurturing every step of your journey.